COVID-19 Updated Data and Developments - 5.4.2020

Tracking COVID-19 (US Cases)

New York Times may offer the best information because of the interactive US map and overview of trends in states. It also includes probable COVID-19 cases.

1. New York Times
   1. State and local health agencies and hospitals.
      1. Now including cases and deaths that have been identified by public health officials as probable coronavirus patients
   2. Great US map interactive
      1. Detailed state information; identifying states that are increasing/decreasing
   3. Regular updates
2. CNN
   1. Data from Johns Hopkins
   2. Great visuals of the US cases
   3. Okay timeline charts by state
      1. Y axis not standardized, may be misleading on first look
   4. Regular updates
3. NPR
   1. Data from Johns Hopkins
   2. Okay US case visualization
   3. Great timeline visualization of cases by state (heat map)
      1. Easy comparison between states
   4. Regular updates
4. John Hopkins
   1. Data from Johns Hopkins, Red Cross, Census American Community Survey, Bureau of Labor and Statistics.
   2. Very comprehensive data
   3. Visualizations are okay (overwhelming)
   4. Includes recovered
   5. Regular updates
5. WorldOMeter
   1. Official Websites of Ministries of Health or other Government Institutions and Government authorities' social media accounts
   2. Includes recovered
   3. Very comprehensive data
   4. Simple visualizations
   5. Daily
6. 6. CDC
   1. Cases and deaths reported by U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and other U.S.-affiliated jurisdictions
   2. Not very interactive
   3. Updated daily

International case numbers as of May 4, 2020, 10:00 am

• 3,526,178 COVID-19 cases worldwide; 247,971 deaths; 1,133,079 recovered.¹
• There is a frequently updated map of COVID-19 cases online at https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html.
• COVID-19 cases in the United States now account for nearly one-third of worldwide cases with 1,158,341 diagnosed cases.
• Spain has the second highest number of cases with 217,466 cases and Italy has the third highest number of cases with 210,717 cases.
  • Deaths in multiple countries now exceed reported deaths in China. Deaths due to COVID-19 in Italy, Spain, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, Iran, and Belgium exceed China’s reported total.
  • China revised their COVID-19 death toll in Wuhan to 3,869, a significant increase from the previous 1,290 deaths. This new total now includes deaths at home. Still, experts say that these official numbers are likely understated.² Findings in multiple locations indicate that proactive public health interventions to reduce burden on hospitals and healthcare workers, including social distancing, increased personal hygiene, and movement restrictions, are essential to reducing transmission and fatality rates.

Epidemic curve of confirmed coronavirus cases worldwide by region (from European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control COVID-19 Situation Update, as of 5/4/2020).

Distribution of coronavirus deaths worldwide by region (from European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control COVID-19 Situation Update, as of 5/4/2020).³

US National case numbers as of May 4, 2020, 10:00 am

• 1,158,341 cases of coronavirus confirmed by lab tests, 67,710 deaths, and 180,152 recovered cases. 7,053,366 total tests have been conducted.⁴
  • New York has the highest number of confirmed cases at 263,754 followed by New Jersey at 95,914 cases and Massachusetts at 42,944 cases.
  • A new study on COVID-19 infection rates among women admitted to give birth in New York found that, in the two hospitals studied, 1 in 8 women tested positive for coronavirus. Of the total 215 pregnant women tested for COVID-19 between March 22 and April 4, nearly 14% tested positive for coronavirus but were asymptomatic. Only 2% of the women both tested positive and had coronavirus symptoms.⁵

Top US States, Cumulative Diagnosed COVID-19 Cases as of May 4, 2020

Risk in population

• The fatality rate estimate for COVID-19 has been very difficult to estimate as testing practices and availability vary widely between countries. In many areas, testing has only been given to the most severely ill patients and so many more cases of coronavirus likely have gone undetected.⁸
• The fatality rate from data already available is 1.3% in people 50-59, 0.4% in people 40-49, and 0.18% in people 30 to 39. Those that are 29 and under face mortality rates 0.09% and under, and children ages 0-9 are estimated to experience mortality at rates below 0.01%.⁹ Data from the CDC shows that young adults ages 20-44 face a substantial risk of serious illness and hospitalization from the coronavirus.¹⁰

Deaths involving COVID-19 reported to National Center for Health Statistics as of May 1, 2020¹¹

• Data from the CDC continue to confirm that individuals with underlying conditions are at greater risk of experiencing severe outcomes as a result of COVID-19. However, the CDC has reiterated that measures should be taken to protect all persons, including those without underlying conditions.¹²

Provisional Death Counts for COVID-19 by Demographic Characteristics (as of April 28)¹³

• Initial findings from a CDC study of hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 suggest that male residents and black residents may face a disproportionately greater risk of being affected by and hospitalized due to coronavirus.

From CDC COVIDView Weekly Surveillance Summary, retrieved 5/4/20.¹⁴

• Elderly: The death rate in elderly adults aged 80 or older is very high and believed to be over 15% and possibly as high as 22%.¹⁵ Older adults (those over 60 and particularly those over 80) and those with serious chronic health conditions (including heart disease, diabetes, and lung disease) are at a higher risk of getting very ill due to COVID-19. ¹⁶
• Children: Data from China suggest that COVID-19 infections in children may be less severe than cases in adults and that children might experience different symptoms than adults, as fewer children experience fever, cough, or shortness of breath. Relatively few children are hospitalized due to COVID-19 but severe outcomes have been reported in children, including three reported deaths. The CDC advises children to practice social distancing and wear cloth face coverings as well as to follow other everyday preventative behaviors.¹⁷
• Health care workers, home health aides, first responders, and teachers are among those at greatest risk of contracting coronavirus as a result of their job.¹⁸
• Those that work in lower-income jobs may also face increased risk as the ability to work from home may not be feasible-- only 9.2% of those in the bottom income quartile (lowest 25% income earners) are able to work from home while 20.1% of those in the third income quartile (second-lowest, 25-50% incomes earners) are able to work from home.¹⁹

New US developments

• The White House’s social distancing guidelines are expected to expire on May 7th. Health officials are concerned that this loosening of restrictions could make individuals complacent and reignite the pandemic. Guidelines to wear face coverings in public areas will still remain in place.²⁰
• Research from a team lead by Daniel Weinberg at the Yale School of Public Health suggests that deaths in the US may have been significantly underestimated. These data come from analysis of the excess number of deaths, many of which could be directly or indirectly attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic.²¹
• The FDA has approved the use of Gilead’s remdesivir for severely ill COVID-19 patients. Although the drug did not significantly reduce mortality rates, it was shown to moderately reduce hospitalization time, from 15 days to 11 days.²²
• Strange lesions on the toe (termed the “Covid toe”lead’) or swollen and reddish toes may be an indication of a COVID-19 infection. This phenomenon may be an indication of a mild or asymptomatic infection or may develop several weeks after an acute COVID-19 infection.²³
• The FDA is beginning to enact regulations for COVID-19 antibody testing. Companies selling these tests must demonstrate they work by submitting data to the FDA within 10 days or face removal of their test from the market.²⁴
• Many states are beginning to reopen with certain restrictions such as limiting the number of customers and requiring masks. However, health experts warn that if the number of cases surge, business may need to shut down again.²⁵
• US jobless claims continue to rise and now exceed 30 million.²⁶
• More US meat plants are indefinitely closing as a result of significant COVID-19 outbreaks. Tyson on Wednesday closed its Iowa plant as it joins Smithfield Foods and others. These closures could result in a serious meat shortage in the US. ²⁷ The President has declared the meat production industry essential, which may compel processing plants to reopen and place workers at increased risk of contracting COVID-19.²⁸
• New York reported its lowest single-day death toll in over two weeks at 478 deaths on April 20th, 2020.
• Protests are popping up around the country/worldwide as people call for restrictions to be lifted so they can return to work.²⁹ Experts say that the US would have to sharply ramp up testing among other benchmarks to reopen the economy.³⁰ The Rockefeller Foundation estimates that the US needs to test 30 million tests for active infection a week for the next six months – an increase of 30-fold over current testing levels. Total tests conducted in the US to date (just under 4.5 million) are the number that would have to be reached daily to meet the Rockefeller Foundation estimates.³¹
• One of the world’s largest pork producers, Smithfield Foods, is indefinitely suspending work at one of its US plants after 240 of the plant’s 3,700 employees tested positive for the virus.³² This closure among many others in the US could result in a serious meat shortage.³³ Their Sioux City South Dakota plant has at least 640 cases and is now the country's biggest COVID-19 hotspot.³⁴ Cases are not restricted to plant employees and their household contacts, but is now widespread across Sioux City.³⁵
• With almost 2,500 long-term care facilities reporting COVID-19 cases, the death toll in these facilities is now more than 2,000 and expected to continue to rise.³⁶
• Minority and marginalized groups are especially vulnerable to COVID-19. Working-class immigrant neighborhoods such as Queens, New York have been devastated by the pandemic.³⁷ Black Americans are dying at disproportionately high rates such in Louisiana where they represent a third of the population but 70% of those who have died.³⁸
• There is increasing concern about the accuracy of COVID-19 testing in the US. Although data is currently limited but based on personal experience with patients, some doctors believe that ~30% of those who receive a negative test may actually be infected.³⁹

Known cases in Connecticut (call 211 or text "CTCOVID" to 898211 for information)

As of May 2, 2020 there are 29,287 (+523 from the day before) confirmed cases, 1,488 (-63 from the day before) hospitalizations, and 2,495 deaths. 102,493 patients have been tested in the state.⁴⁰ More than half of all CT deaths were associated with nursing home infections.⁴¹

• Fairfield County: 11,801 cases, 886 deaths
• Hartford County: 6,112 cases, 756 deaths
• Litchfield County: 1,036 cases, 92 deaths
• Middlesex County: 707 cases, 93 deaths
• New Haven County: 8,024 cases, 580 deaths
• New London County: 623 cases, 43 deaths
• Tolland County: 461 cases, 40 deaths
• Windham County: 211 cases, 3 death
• Pending address validation: 312 cases, 2 deaths

Increases in Cases and Deaths in CT with Percent Increase from Previous Reporting Period

Graphs from Connecticut COVID-19 Update, May 3, 2020.⁴²

As of May 4, 2020 Yale New Haven Health has 388 (-56) COVID-19 patients. Last week the number of patients stabilized in the 448-450 range and now appears to be decreasing.

• 98 (-22) patients are in the ICU and another 71 (+0) patients are on ventilators.
• YNHH has seen a 9-12% mortality rate among patients that test positive for COVID-19 since the beginning of the outbreak.
• Patients that do not require ICU care have, on average, stayed for 6 days in the hospital.
• YNHH currently has sufficient face masks but isolation gowns are in acute short supply.
• As of April 10, 5.7% of COVID-19 patients admitted to YNNH have died.
• All patients admitted that needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a system that oxygenates blood outside of the body to let a patient’s heart and lungs rest, have died.
• Compared to influenza patients who are on ventilators, more COVID-19 patients are on prolonged support.
• Two empty floors at the top of Smilow Cancer Center tower of YNHH have been opened up to accommodate the new CoV patients.
• Contact tracing
  • ~30 cases from Yale Health have had a contact tracing interview
  • ~106 contacts have been identified
  • ~64 contacts with sufficient information have had notification initiated

Connecticut developments⁴³

• COVID-19 related hospitalizations decreased for the eleventh day in a row on Sunday, May 3, with 63 fewer cases reported than the day before.⁴⁴
• Governor Lamont announced a plan to ease COVID-19 restrictions starting on May 20. Offices as well as hair salons, nail salons, and restaurants with outdoor seating are among the businesses that will be allowed to re-open first.⁴⁵
• Connecticut’s lab capacity to process COVID-19 tests is currently around 3,000 kits per week. Processing capacity is set to ramp up to 40,000 per week over the coming month and is projected to be at 140,000 tests processed per week by the end of June.⁴⁶
• Governor Lamont is joining fellow governors from New York, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Delaware to develop a regional supply chain for personal protective equipment, other medical equipment, and COVID-19 tests. The plan aims to identify the region’s needs, reduce cost, and stabilize the supply chain for these products.⁴⁷
• Governor Lamont signed an executive order requiring the use of face masks or coverings in public where close contact is unavoidable.⁴⁸
• Governor Lamont has extended Connecticut’s shutdown of schools and nonessential businesses until May 20.⁴⁹
• Mandatory rent relief was instituted in the state. For rent due in April, landlords are required to grant a 60-day grace period for payment. The same grace period applies for rent in May, but renters are required to notify their landlord first. Additionally, no evictions can occur until July 1 unless due to a safety concern.⁵⁰
• Yale launched a multimillion dollar fund to aid New Haven and will match dollar for dollar towards its $5 million goal.⁵¹
• Professor Marie-Louise Landry at the Yale School of Medicine and her lab have established their own test for SARS-CoV-2 with the help of YSPH researcher Dr. Nate Grubaugh. Her clinical lab tested 752 patient samples from 3/13 to 3/21. They have been able to keep up and report results the same day samples are received.⁵²

Known cases in Rhode Island (call 401-222-8022 for information)

As of May 4, 2020⁵³

• 9,477 confirmed cumulative cases (+3,221 from 4/22/20)
• 71,927 total tests conducted
• 330 patients currently hospitalized
• 83 patients currently in ICU
• 320 deaths in the state

Graphs from Rhode Island Department of Health COVID-19 Disease Data dashboard as of 5/4/2020.⁵⁴

Rhode Island developments⁵⁵

• Rhode Island has now tested more residents per capita than any other state, contributing to the rising number of positive cases in the state. Many positive cases are asymptomatic and may have been overlooked elsewhere where testing is less widespread.⁵⁶
• Nine parks in Providence reopened on Sunday. Some streets in the city remain closed to allow for pedestrians to get outside while practicing safe social distancing.⁵⁷
• Rhode Island schools will remain closed for in-person learning through the end of the academic year and distance learning will remain in effect until June.⁵⁸
• On Sunday, Governor Raimondo announced that Rhode Island will open a walk-up COVID-19 testing site in the parking lot of the Robert L. Bailey IV Elementary School in Providence. The location was chosen in order to be accessible to Rhode Island’s Latinx population, as 45% of the people that tested positive for coronavirus in the state are Latinx.⁵⁹
• Governor Raimondo issued an executive order requiring all employees to wear masks while at their place of business. The governor’s office conducted spot checks for compliance on April 19 and reported that compliance was high. Additionally, Governor Raimondo has ordered that all people must wear cloth face coverings while in public.⁶⁰
• All cars with out of state license plates are being asked to participate in voluntary checks when they enter Rhode Island. If visitors from out of state are planning to stay in Rhode Island, they are being asked to self-quarantine for 14 days and are also being asked to provide their name, phone number, and the address they are staying in the state to ensure that they are self-quarantining. The measure is intended to reduce the transmission of coronavirus from those visiting Rhode Island.⁶¹
• The Rhode Island Department of Business Regulations is requesting that stores currently open to the public restrict the number of shoppers in their building to 20% of the posted Fire Marshal Capacity at any given time. This restriction is meant to reduce coronavirus spread as well as allow shoppers to maintain adequate social distance from one another while shopping.⁶²

Key international developments

• COVID-19 cases continue to rise in Russia as it had a one-day record increase of 10,000 cases. It is now becoming a global hot spot for new COVID-19 cases.⁶³
• Oxford University has begun human testing of their COVID-19 vaccine and hopes to have it widely available by September if the vaccine demonstrates efficacy by June.⁶⁴
• Many European countries are easing restrictions as restaurants and bars open and German children return to school. India is allowing business in less affected areas to open.⁶⁵
• As the pandemic continues, developing countries around the world are facing a global food crisis. Lockdowns and social distancing are preventing people from working and disrupting agriculture production and supply routes. More than 265 million people could be facing acute hunger, increasing from the already 135 million people who already face food shortages.⁶⁶
• Germany will begin to gradually reopen next week with non-essential business resuming operations and schools gradually resuming classes on May 4th. However, experts fear that any missteps in the process could lead to a rise in COVID-19 cases.⁶⁷
• A French court banned Amazon from delivering anything other than “essential materials” – food, hygiene and medical products – after a ruling in a case brought by labor unions contesting that Amazon in France was not providing factory workers with sufficient protective gear. Amazon has chosen to suspend operations rather than face potential €1M daily fine for noncompliance.⁶⁸
• Leaders of Belarus, Turkmenistan, Nicaragua, and Brazil continue to deny the major health threat of the COVID-19 pandemic. Brazil’s President Bolsonaro in particular is encouraging citizens to ignore public health guidelines such as social distancing.⁶⁹
• As COVID-19 spreads around the world, developing countries may be less prepared to deal with the pandemic than developed countries because of a lack of resources, general hygiene, and overcrowding.⁷⁰
• The EU has linked Russian media outlets to disinformation about the coronavirus. The EU-produced report states that the disinformation seeks to undermine public trust in health care systems abroad.⁷¹

What is coronavirus?

Coronavirus is a family of viruses that have been known to infect humans. Viruses in the family are known to cause the common cold, SARS, and MERS. The virus that causes COVID-19 infects people and is easily spread person-to-person but is far less virulent than SARS. Cases have been detected in most countries worldwide, including the United States, and has officially been declared a pandemic, or a global disease outbreak. COVID-19 causes a respiratory disease that may be identifiable by dry coughing, breathing difficulties, and fever. Those that suspect they are infected with coronavirus should call their health provider first and should not go to a health care facility unless directed to do so.

Nomenclature

The novel (new) coronavirus, formally named “SARS-CoV-2,” and the disease it causes has been named “coronavirus disease 2019” (abbreviated as COVID-19) by the World Health Organization.

Is there a vaccine?

A phase 1 clinical trial for a vaccine designed by Moderna to protect against COVID-19 is currently underway in Seattle.⁷² Vaccines must go through at least 3 clinical phases to ensure their efficacy and safety before they can be approved and used in the general population.⁷³ Even with an expedited process it will be at least a year before a COVID-19 vaccine is fully developed and made available to the public.⁷⁴ Johnson and Johnson will start human testing of their COVID-19 vaccine in September, to be ready for emergency use by early 2021. The vaccine would be sold on a not-for-profit basis.⁷⁵

What is a vaccine?

Vaccines are one of the most effective ways to prevent diseases. Vaccines are made out of killed or weakened parts of the virus or bacteria of interest. Once inside the body, the vaccine is able to stimulate the immune system to develop antibodies and thus immunity to the disease, all without the person getting the disease.⁷⁶

The vaccine currently being developed by Moderna uses genetic information, messenger RNA (mRNA), to deliver the vaccine. mRNA vaccines are an emerging platform and as of now no mRNA vaccine has reached the market. Compared to some forms of traditional vaccines (DNA-based, live/killed attenuated viruses), mRNA vaccines are thought to be safer because they are non-infectious and have no risk of potentially mutating inside the human body. Through chemical modifications mRNA is stabilized and readily enters into cells. Lastly, mRNA vaccine production is inexpensive, fast, and scalable.⁷⁷

Why did the CDC recommend an 8-week moratorium on in-person gatherings?

On Monday the US government officially recommended that people should avoid in-person gatherings of 10 or more people.⁷⁸ This recommendation is supported by evidence from South Korea and China, both of which appear to slowly be returning to life as normal after 8 weeks of anti-coronavirus measures.⁷⁹ On March 10, China closed the last of its temporary emergency hospitals⁸⁰ after seeing a dramatic decrease in new cases over the past couple of weeks.⁸¹ Likewise, South Korea has experienced a substantial decrease in new cases over the past week.⁸²

As the United States contends with this new and evolving situation, it appears likely that many businesses, offices, and schools will remain closed for longer than two weeks.

Information highlights from CDC website⁸³

Symptoms

• Symptoms may appear 2-14 days after exposure.
  • Fever
  • Cough
  • Shortness of breath
• Mounting anecdotal evidence suggests that a loss of smell and taste are significant symptoms associated with COVID-19. ⁸⁴
• Testing⁸⁵
  • As of March 15, all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Guam have successfully verified COVID-19 diagnostic tests in state and local public health laboratories.
  • A number of states have opened “drive-through” coronavirus testing stations with more to come.⁸⁶
  • The number of tests still lags far behind need. The governors of many states have complained that the federal government’s response in making tests available has been inadequate.⁸⁷

How is coronavirus spread?⁸⁸

Person-to-person

• Between people who are in close contact with one another (within about 6 feet).
• Through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
  • Respiratory droplets can spread through the air (6 feet) or land on nearby surfaces where they can survive for a period of time (“Our studies indicate that aerosol and fomite transmission of HCoV-19 is plausible, as the virus can remain viable in aerosols for multiple hours and on surfaces up to days.”⁾⁸⁹

Guidelines from the CDC to Minimize Chances of Infection⁹⁰

• Clean your hands often
  • Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds especially after you have been in a public place, or after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing.
  • If soap and water are not readily available, use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. Cover all surfaces of your hands and rub them together until they feel dry.
  • Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.
• Avoid close contact
  • Avoid close contact with people who are sick
  • Put distance between yourself and other people if COVID-19 is spreading in your community. This is especially important for people who are at higher risk of getting very sick.
• Take steps to protect others
  • Stay home if you’re sick
    • Stay home if you are sick, except to get medical care. If you think you may have contracted the virus call your doctor first.
  • Cover coughs and sneezes
    • Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze or use the inside of your elbow.
    • Throw used tissues in the trash.
    • Immediately wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and water are not readily available, clean your hands with a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol.
  • Wear a facemask
    • If you are sick: You should wear a facemask when you are around other people, when you go out in public, and before you enter a healthcare provider’s office. People who are caring for you should wear a facemask if they enter your room.
    • If you are NOT sick: The CDC recommends that all people who are not sick wear a cloth face covering in public settings where other social distancing measures are difficult to maintain, such as grocery stores and pharmacies. Wearing a cloth face covering in public is especially important in areas with significant community-based transmission.
  • Clean and disinfect
    • Clean AND disinfect frequently touched surfaces daily. This includes tables, doorknobs, light switches, countertops, handles, desks, phones, keyboards, toilets, faucets, and sinks.
    • If surfaces are dirty, clean them: Use detergent or soap and water prior to disinfection.

1 https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

2 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/17/world/asia/china-wuhan-coronavirus-death-toll.html

3 https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/geographical-distribution-2019-ncov-cases

4 https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

5 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2009316?query=featured_coronavirus

6 https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

7 https://covidtracking.com/data

8https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/27/821958435/why-death-rates-from-coronavirus-can-be-deceiving

9https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2020/03/coronavirus-and-its-high-mortality-rate-among-older-patients.html

10 https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6912e2.htm?s_cid=mm6912e2_w

11 https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/covid19/index.htm

12 https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6913e2.htm

13 https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/covid_weekly/index.htm

14 https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/covidview/index.html

15 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/14/health/coronavirus-elderly-protection.html

16https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-death-rate-by-age-countries-2020-3#still-older-patients-in-south-korea-also-had-a-much-higher-death-rate-than-younger-ones-patients-older-than-80-had-a-72-death-rate-as-of-wednesday-6

17 https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6914e4.htm?s_cid=mm6914e4_w

18 https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/03/15/business/economy/coronavirus-worker-risk.html

19 https://www.bls.gov/news.release/flex2.t01.htm

20 https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/04/30/trump-coronavirus-social-distancing-guidelines/

21 https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/04/28/us/coronavirus-death-toll-total.html

22 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/01/health/coronavirus-remdesivir.html

23 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/01/health/coronavirus-covid-toe.html?referringSource=articleShare

24 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/04/us/coronavirus-updates.html#link-49bfc647

25https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/01/us/coronavirus-states-reopen-tension.html

26https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/30/economy/unemployment-benefits-coronavirus/index.html

27 https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/tyson-foods-closing-large-pork-plant-iowa-outbreak-70285271

28 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/28/business/economy/coronavirus-trump-meat-food-supply.html

29 https://www.wsj.com/articles/fed-up-with-staying-home-some-americans-push-back-11587128401

30 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/upshot/coronavirus-four-benchmarks-reopening.html

31https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/TheRockefellerFoundation_ExecSummary_Covid19_4_22_2020.pdf

32 https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/12/business/meat-plant-closures-smithfield/index.html

33https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa-meatpacking/smithfield-shutting-u-s-pork-plant-indefinitely-warns-of-meat-shortages-during-pandemic-idUSKCN21U0O7

34 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/15/us/coronavirus-south-dakota-meat-plant-refugees.html

35https://www.argusleader.com/story/news/business-journal/2020/04/14/coronavirus-sioux-falls-stores-plants-others-reporting-positive-cases/2988207001/

36https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/more-2-200-coronavirus-deaths-nursing-homes-federal-government-isn-n1181026

37https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/09/nyregion/coronavirus-queens-corona-jackson-heights-elmhurst.html

38 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/07/us/coronavirus-race.html

39 https://www.wsj.com/articles/questions-about-accuracy-of-coronavirus-tests-sow-worry-11585836001

40 https://portal.ct.gov/coronavirus

41https://ctmirror.org/2020/04/30/nursing-home-deaths-account-for-more-than-half-of-all-covid-19-fatalities-in-connecticut/

42 https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/Coronavirus/CTDPHCOVID19summary4052020.pdf?la=en

43https://www.nhregister.com/news/coronavirus/article/Coronavirus-in-Connecticut-Live-updates-hour-by-15132401.php

44https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/coronavirus/coronavirus-in-conn-hospitalizations-continue-to-decline-for-11th-straight-day/2265180/

45 https://nypost.com/2020/04/30/when-connecticut-will-begin-phased-reopening-from-coronavirus/

46https://www.jax.org/news-and-insights/2020/march/jax-providing-coronavirus-testing-for-connecticut-residents

47https://portal.ct.gov/Office-of-the-Governor/News/Press-Releases/2020/05-2020/Governor-Lamont-Announces-Multi-State-Agreement-to-Develop-Regional-Supply-Chain-for-PPE

48https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/Office-of-the-Governor/Executive-Orders/Lamont-Executive-Orders/Executive-Order-No-7BB.pdf

49https://www.courant.com/coronavirus/hc-news-coronavirus-updates-0410-20200410-bzxojexxy5fxpolmppsb6uieuy-story.html

50https://www.wtnh.com/news/health/coronavirus/governor-lamont-announces-relief-for-those-struggling-to-pay-rent-during-pandemic/

51https://www.nhregister.com/news/coronavirus/article/Yale-launches-multimillion-dollar-fund-to-aid-New-15162549.php

52 https://medicine.yale.edu/profile/marie_landry/

53 https://health.ri.gov/data/covid-19/

54 https://ri-department-of-health-covid-19-data-rihealth.hub.arcgis.com/

55 https://www.wpri.com/coronavirus/

56 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/28/us/coronavirus-rhode-island.html

57 https://www.wpri.com/health/coronavirus/parks-back-open-in-providence-some-streets-closed/

58 https://www.providencejournal.com/news/20200423/ri-schools-to-remain-closed-for-remainder-of-academic-year-8-new-coronavirus-deaths-reported-in-state-hospitalizations-still-flat

59 https://patch.com/rhode-island/cranston/ri-coronavirus-walk-testing-site-open

60 https://www.wpri.com/health/coronavirus/compliance-terrific-for-ri-face-coverings-order/

61https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/albany/story/2020/03/29/rhode-island-ends-restrictions-on-new-yorkers-1269535

62 https://www.wpri.com/health/coronavirus/new-guidelines-released-to-limit-crowds-at-ri-stores/

63https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-russia-reports-record-new-number-of-cases-10000-more-2020-5

64https://thehill.com/homenews/sunday-talk-shows/495865-oxford-professor-possible-coronavirus-vaccine-could-show-efficacy

65https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/04/world/coronavirus-news.html?action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article

66https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/22/world/africa/coronavirus-hunger-crisis.html?action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article

67https://www.wsj.com/articles/germany-to-begin-gradually-reopening-its-economy-next-week-11586989014

68 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/15/business/amazon-france-covid.html

69 https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2020/04/11/jair-bolsonaro-isolates-himself-in-the-wrong-way

70https://www.wsj.com/articles/coronavirus-is-advancing-on-poor-nations-and-the-prognosis-is-troubling-11585149183

71 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/18/russian-media-spreading-covid-19-disinformation

72https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-clinical-trial-investigational-vaccine-covid-19-begins

73 https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/basics/test-approve.html

74 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/16/health/coronavirus-vaccine.html

75https://www.wsj.com/articles/johnson-johnson-to-begin-human-trials-on-covid-19-vaccine-by-september-11585569380

76 https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/vpd-vac-basics.html

77 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5906799/

78https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/03.16.20_coronavirus-guidance_8.5x11_315PM.pdf

79 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/opinion/coronavirus-social-distancing-effect.html

80 http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-03/10/c_138863160.htm

81 https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/china/

82 https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/south-korea/

83 https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/index.html

84https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/22/health/coronavirus-symptoms-smell-taste.html?smtyp=cur&smid=tw-nytimes

85https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/testing-in-us.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Ftesting-in-us.html

86 https://www.businessinsider.com/drive-through-coronavirus-tests-states-2020-3

87 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/health/coronavirus-testing-us.html?action=click&module=Spotlight&pgtype=Homepage

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88 https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/transmission.html

89 https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.20033217v1.full.pdf

90 https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/prevention.html